home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
SGI Hot Mix 17
/
Hot Mix 17.iso
/
HM17_SGI
/
research
/
lib
/
s_test.pro
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1997-07-08
|
4KB
|
119 lines
;$Id: s_test.pro,v 1.6 1997/01/15 03:11:50 ali Exp $
;
; Copyright (c) 1994-1997, Research Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
; Unauthorized reproduction prohibited.
;+
; NAME:
; S_TEST
;
; PURPOSE:
; This function tests the hypothesis that two sample popultions,
; {X[i], Y[i]}, have the same mean of distribution against the
; hypothesis that they differ. The result is a two-element vector
; containing the maximum number of signed differences between
; corresponding pairs of X[i] and Y[i] and the one-tailed level of
; significance. This type of test is often refered to as the Sign
; Test.
;
; CATEGORY:
; Statistics.
;
; CALLING SEQUENCE:
; Result = S_test(X, Y)
;
; INPUTS:
; X: An n-element vector of type integer, float or double.
;
; Y: An n-element vector of type integer, float or double.
;
; KEYWORD PARAMETERS:
; ZDIFF: Use this keyword to specify a named variable which returns the
; number of differences between corresponding pairs of X[i] and
; Y[i] resulting in zero. Paired data resulting in a difference
; of zero are excluded from the ranking and the sample size is
; correspondingly reduced.
;
; EXAMPLE:
; Define the n-element vectors of sample data.
; x = [47, 56, 54, 49, 36, 48, 51, 38, 61, 49, 56, 52]
; y = [71, 63, 45, 64, 50, 55, 42, 46, 53, 57, 75, 60]
; Test the hypothesis that two sample popultions, {X[i], Y[i]}, have
; the same mean of distribution against the hypothesis that they differ
; at the 0.05 significance level.
; result = s_test(x, y, zdiff = zdiff)
; The result should be the 2-element vector:
; [9.00000, 0.0729981]
; The keyword parameter should be returned as:
; zdiff = 0
; The computed probability (0.0729981) is greater than the 0.05
; significance level and therefore we do not reject the hypothesis that
; X and Y have the same mean of distribution.
;
; PROCEDURE:
; S_TEST computes the nonparametric Sign Test. Differences between
; corresponding pairs of X[i] and Y[i] are ranked as either positive or
; negative with equal probability of occurance. Differences between
; pairs of X[i] and Y[i] that result in zero are excluded from the
; ranking and the sample size is correspondingly reduced. The result is
; a two-element vector [diff, p] containing the maximum number of signed
; differences between corresponding pairs of X[i] and Y[i] and the one-
; tailed level of significance. Using the Binomial random variable X,
; we can accept of reject the proposed hypothesis. If the sample size
; exceeds 25, then the Gaussian distribution is used to approximate the
; cumulative Binomial distribution. The one-tailed probability of
; obtaining at least (diff) signed differences in an n-element sample is
; equal to (p). Prob(X >= diff) = p.
; The hypothesis that two sample popultions have the same mean
; of distribution is rejected if the number of positive ranks and the
; number of negative ranks differ with statistical significance.
;
; REFERENCE:
; PROBABILITY and STATISTICS for ENGINEERS and SCIENTISTS (3rd edition)
; Ronald E. Walpole & Raymond H. Myers
; ISBN 0-02-424170-9
;
; MODIFICATION HISTORY:
; Written by: GGS, RSI, August 1994
;-
function s_test, x, y, zdiff = zdiff
on_error, 2
n = n_elements(x)
if n ne n_elements(y) then message, $
'x and y must be vectors of equal size.'
diff = x - y
;Number of "ties" (identical data).
psize = where(diff eq 0, zdiff)
;Population sample size.
psize = n - zdiff
if psize eq 0 then message, $
'x and y contain identical data.'
;Number of positive ranks.
ipn = where(diff gt 0, npos)
;Number of negative ranks.
nneg = psize - npos
if npos gt nneg then begin
;Probability that the number of positive ranks is at least (npos) with a
;population size (psize). Prob(# of positive ranks >= npos)
prob = binomial(npos, psize, 0.5)
endif else if nneg gt npos then begin
;Prob(# of negative ranks >= nneg)
prob = binomial(nneg, psize, 0.5)
endif else $
;prob = binomial(npos, psize/2, 0.5)
prob = 0.5
;Maximum number of signed differences and the one-tailed probability.
return, [max([npos, nneg]), prob]
end